How Turbocharger Works

Introduction

To run an automobile engine, like diesel or petrol, the fuel from the tank must reach the engine cylinder by some means. In the petrol engine, the fuel(petrol) from the fuel tank reaches through the fuel pump, filter and carburettor to the engine.  In the diesel engine, there is no need of carburettor, the diesel is injected into the engine cylinders by an injector.

The power generated by the IC engine is directly related to the compression force exerted on the air-fuel mixture. If the compression is greater, greater the output of the engine. There are two approaches which can be used to increase the engine compression. One is to modify the internal arrangement of the engine to increase the normal compression ratio. The second method is and it is a less expensive way to increase the mixture compression without physically changing the shape of the combustion chamber is to simply increase the quantity of the intake charge.

There are two artificially methods to increase the amount of air flow into the engine are

Turbocharger

Supercharger

Turbocharger

Turbochargers are used to increase engine power by compressing the air that goes into the chamber. Increased power comes from the additional fuel that the denser air accommodate. Nowadays turbochargers are the most popular method of increasing engine compression. The turbochargers do not require a mechanical connection between the engine and the pressurized pump to compress the intake gases. Exhaust gas is a waste product, the energy develop by the engine is said to be free since it theoretically does not rob the engine of any of the power it helps to produce.

Working

It consists of the turbine housing, turbine wheel, compressor housing, compressor wheel and bearing housing. When the engine is running the exhaust gases leaving the exhaust valve to enter into the exhaust manifold and redirect into the turbine housing. In turbine housing, hot gases strike the fins or blade on the turbine wheel and make it rotate. A turboshaft connects turbine wheel to compressor wheel.

turbocharger

The turbocharger is located to close to the exhaust manifold.A fumes pipe keeps running between the motor ventilation system and the turbine lodging to convey the fumes stream to the turbine wheel.  One more pipe is connected to the compressors housing intake to an injector throttle body.

The turbocharger is darted to the ventilation system of the motor. The fumes from the chamber turn the turbine, which works like a gas turbine motor. The turbine is associated with a pole to the blower, which is Located between the air channel and the admission complex. The blower pressurized the air going into the cylinder. The fumes from the chamber goes through the turbine sharp edges, making the turbine turn. The blower is a kind of radiating pump. It attracts the air at the focal point of its cutting edges and excursions it outward as it turns. Almost 40% of the warmth vitality provided to the motor goes into the fumes and will be squandered. A piece of this vitality could be used to drive a gas turbine which thus runs a blower and subsequently results in the supply of more air to the motor. This lifts the motor power and builds warm effectiveness.

Advantages

1. Reduces specific fuel oil consumption.
2. Improves mechanical and thermal efficiency.
3. It uses the unused energy contained in the hot exhaust gases.
4. Increase the air percentage in the air-fuel mixture.
5. No drive required for the engine to run.
6. Very less moving parts.
7. Smaller and lighter than mechanical blowers.
8. Increase the horsepower

Disadvantages

1. It takes much time to spool up and provide the useful boost.
2. Turbocharger gets heated up very quickly, so coolant is required.
3. Power surge, cause some instability of the car.